Thermoelectric Cooler

A Thermo electric cooler work on the basis of the Peltier effect. Involves sending an electrical current through a junction consisting of different metals. The result is the formation of a cool area suitable to for refrigeration. In a thermoelectric module, a metal such as copper is joined with a array of p and n type semi conductor elements such as Bismuth Telluride. The semi conductor elements are then attached to another piece of copper on the other side.

The p-semi conductor is painted with atoms that have a lower number of electrons required for completion of the atomic bonds within the crystal lattice. The n-semi conductor is provided with the opposite where there is more electrons then necessary.

The n-semi conductor is attached to the negative side of the voltage from the DC source while the p-semi conductor is attached to the positive side. When an electrical voltage is passed, the conducted electrons form atomic bonds in the p side leaving 'holes' which have a positive charge. Electrons continue to flow down to fill the holes and creating further 'holes' behind. While doing so energy is transferred from one side to the other and heat is absorbed at one end end and released at the other.

In the mean while with the n-semi conductor electrons are repelled by the negative charge from the battery source and move to the opposite copper side where heat is released. On the other side electrons move through the copper junction to the p-semi conductor where it flows through to complete the 'holes' and create an electrical circuit.

For a Thermoelectric chiller to be effective, the choice of semi conductor material is crucial. It is this which will dictate the flow of energy. With the right choice of semi conductors, both the n and the p side semi conductor will flow the heat in one direction, and create two separate compartments. One will be where heat is absorbed and the other where heat is released creating the ideal situation for a fridge compartment.

Therm electric coolers have uses in a vast range of areas. You can find them in industries such as telecommunication, medical, and engineering sectors where components need to be maintained colder then ambient room temperature. For industries sometimes huge refrigerators are needed. They are often built as bespoke module systems to meet the exact demands of the industry or plant. Often you'd find thermoelectric coolers utilised as temperature baths or electronic enclosures.

Its also very common as the 12v fridge, 12v cooler or the mini fridge for the everyday consumer. Utilised as a secondary fridge, as an outdoor fridge for trips such as picnics, fishing, hunting or camping.

Like any appliance, quality components help ensure good product. As is the case with a thermoelectric cooler, the correct assembly and installation together with the best components, thermoelectric coolers are highly reliable products.